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What is the difference between a permanent magnet synchronous motor and an AC asynchronous motor? Which is more suitable for pure electric cars?
The power of traditional cars comes from internal combustion engines. Common internal combustion engines are simply classified as naturally aspirated engines, turbocharged engines, and Mazda's exclusive rotary engines.
Now that pure electric vehicles are gradually becoming the mainstream, the power of pure electric vehicles comes from motors, so what is the difference between mainstream AC asynchronous motors and permanent magnet synchronous motors?
When it comes to AC asynchronous motors, we have to think of the Tesla Model S Plaid using this motor. The zero-to-hundred-to-hundred-to-1.9-second acceleration is really amazing.
The AC asynchronous motor is to place the rotor in a rotating magnetic field, and pass three-phase alternating current to the stator winding (referring to the copper coil wound on the stator) to generate a rotating magnetic field and cut the rotor to obtain a rotating torque.
In fact, this thing is not unusual at all, because we usually see this kind of motor in our daily life, such as washing machines, electric fans, and factory equipment.
It's just that Tesla has applied this motor to its own car products. The Model S accelerates from 100 to 100 in 3.2 seconds, and the Model X accelerates from 100 to 100 in 3.9 seconds. The AC asynchronous motor makes an impression of being tall.
Permanent magnets are added to the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the rotational speed of the rotor is consistent with the current frequency of the stator winding. Among them, the permanent magnets are mostly made of rare earth permanent magnet materials, which stabilize the magnetism of the permanent magnets.
Permanent magnet synchronous motors are mainly used by pure electric vehicle brands in my country. A large part of the reason is that my country owns 70% of the world's rare earth resources, and the total output of RuFeB magnetic materials reaches 80% of the world's.
This advantage also ensures the production of permanent magnet synchronous motors in my country. It is natural that more brands such as BYD and new car manufacturers choose high-efficiency and durable permanent magnet synchronous motors.
Most car brands choose permanent magnet synchronous motors, mainly because as a family car, high battery life is one of the most important points.
Compared with the AC asynchronous motor, the permanent magnet synchronous motor saves 20% of energy, which means that under the same body volume and the same battery capacity, the pure electric vehicle cruising range of the permanent magnet synchronous motor will be significantly increased.
Although the loading capacity of AC asynchronous motors is less than that of permanent magnet synchronous motors, it does not mean that AC asynchronous motors are worse than permanent magnet synchronous motors.
From the above table, it can be found that the most obvious advantage of AC asynchronous motor is that it can achieve faster acceleration of 100 kilometers, but the disadvantage is that the volume and weight are too large; the most obvious advantage of permanent magnet synchronous motor is that it is small in size and light in weight, but the cost is relatively high. high.
For example, models such as Tesla Model S Plaid are mainly in pursuit of performance, so they are more suitable for AC asynchronous motors with faster acceleration. Therefore, if other brands want to launch high-performance electric (sports) cars, they will also choose AC asynchronous motors.
The industry has been discussing a question, will AC asynchronous motors be replaced by permanent magnet synchronous motors in the end?
At present it is not possible, and a ratio will be maintained depending on the application. In contrast, the permanent magnet synchronous motor has a wider range of technical applications. In actual use, the permanent magnet synchronous motor with good speed regulation performance can still maintain high efficiency when faced with repeated start and stop, acceleration and deceleration.
Therefore, which motor a car company chooses depends on the main purpose of the model.
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